Top 10 Design Pattern

 There are numerous design patterns in software development, and their popularity may vary depending on the programming paradigm (e.g., object-oriented, functional), the type of application, and the programming language being used. Here are ten widely recognized design patterns:


1. Singleton Pattern:

   - Intent Ensure a class has only one instance and provide a global point of access to it.

   - Use Case: When you want to control access to a single instance of a class throughout the entire application.


2. Observer Pattern:

   - Intent: Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.

   - Use Case: When you need a mechanism for communication between objects without them being tightly coupled.


3. Factory Method Pattern:

   - Intent: Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses alter the type of objects that will be created.

   - Use Case: When a class cannot anticipate the class of objects it must create.


4. Strategy Pattern:

   - Intent Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.

   - Use Case: When you have a family of algorithms and want to make them interchangeable without modifying the client code.


5. Decorator Pattern:

   - Intent Attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality.

   - Use Case: When you need to add or augment behavior of objects in a flexible and reusable way.


6. Adapter Pattern:

   - Intent Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. It lets classes work together that couldn't otherwise because of incompatible interfaces.

   - Use Case: When you want to use an existing class but its interface doesn't match the one you need.


7. Command Pattern:

   - Intent Encapsulate a request as an object, thereby allowing for parameterization of clients with different requests, queuing of requests, and providing support for undoable operations.

   - Use Case: When you need to parameterize objects with operations, queue requests, or support undoable operations.


8. Builder Pattern:

   - Intent Separate the construction of a complex object from its representation, allowing the same construction process to create various representations.

   - Use Case: When an object needs to be constructed with numerous possible configurations, and you want to avoid having a constructor with a large number of parameters.


9. Chain of Responsibility Pattern:

   - Intent Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request.

   - Use Case: When you want to pass a request along a chain of handlers, where each handler decides either to process the request or to pass it to the next handler in the chain.


10. MVC (Model-View-Controller) Pattern:

    - Intent Separates an application into three interconnected components: the Model (business logic and data), the View (user interface and presentation), and the Controller (manages user input and updates the Model and View accordingly).

    - Use Case: When you want to organize your code to separate concerns related to data, user interface, and user input.


These patterns are foundational and widely applicable, but the effectiveness of a pattern depends on the specific requirements and context of your application. It's common to use a combination of these patterns in real-world software development.

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